THE 2025 WORLD ORDER: A GLOBAL WAVE OF ANTI-HEGEMONISM.

 

History had been a quagmire of hegemonic orders. The roots of hegemonism can be traced back to Agricultural revolution in 12000 B.C. Afterwards, Major ancient civilizations such as Babylonian, Chinese and Vedic civilization also experienced hegemonism. Ellis Esler’s book, “Old World History” gives a clear account of it by using primary resources. Feudalism, a brainchild of hegemonism also prevailed in Western Roman Empire. However, till that time, hegemonism was rooted deeply in authoritarianism all around the world. The later world order continued till the 20^th century when the world wars shacked the previous world order. After the World War II, Multi-polarity diminished and a bi-polar world (U.S and USSR) came into being. Stephen Lehne and Fyodor Lalkanov in their articles published on 28^th February, 2023 and 13^th October, 2022 propagates the same opinion and they give example of the Justice movement in Los Angeles. They are also certain that democracy will not be the formality in the future world order. This article comes with evidences of hegemonism in Russia-Ukraine war, Indo-Pak War and the Iran-Israeli war and also incorporates a section about measures and future of anti-hegemonism.

The year 2022 saw the first wave of anti-hegemonist strata as Ukraine stood reluctant against Russia. The rising multi-polarity vanished as U.S backed Ukraine depleted the Russian dominamcy.Fragmantation in the world order began. Russia was expecting a proverb, Might Is Right; however, resistance to the expansionist nerve gave Russia a strategic shock. Apart from it, situation turned out to be opposite for Russia as its desire of dissolving western binding came to an end. Mossaud Belkaid Abdi article is a clear account of it which was published on 20^th March, 2025.

This war posed great significance in prevailing a message of struggle against hegemonism. Apart from it, it also served as a hope for those under hegemonist oppression. The world order of Bi-polar hegemonism which was fragile till that time vanished and U.S stood as the sole superpower of the whole world.

India Pakistan also shares a breaching history as again they entered into their fifth war in 2025 after the 1949 Kashmir war, 1965 war, 1971 war and the 1999 Kargil war. The prewar period carried an image of India as the hegemonist power of whole South Asia. However, the war proved to be a night mare for the India as its international crashed. Their claims of being the sole power in South Asia became a legend and Pakistan came to be the stronger in defense from India. It proved that it still matters in geo-political affairs. Although the previous four wars witnessed Pakistan as a developing and inferior nation but this fatal mistake proved a creaking line for India. Naddem.F.Pracha is the also the beholder of the same argument articulated in his article published in dawn on 20^th July, 2025. He narrates that this war of 100 hours brought much devastation to the illusions of the west about Pakistan. It also raised a question about the Indian International trust as major investors now objects it claims of security and feels reluctant in investing in Indian businesses. Human Rights communities are also disappointed against India’s steps of damaging peace in South Asia. So’ the past hegemony of India is now nowhere and south Asia is going towards equilibrium in power politics.

Iran-Israeli war also is an explicit reflection of the abyss created by Israel by misuse of its hegemony. Israel and Middle East also amalgamates a history which is a chronicle of bloodshed. Before the war, International media and people all around the world   had illusions about the Israel’s Iron Dome and it was considered indestructible. But reality had an interesting picture for it as many Iranian missiles intruded Israel’s city Tel Aviv. This seven days war ended with cease fire but it gave a lot of lessons about the world before 2025 and the world after 2025. Theillusion of Israel around the whole world that it is indestructible and its Iron Dome is impossible to defeat went in no man’s land. This created a sense of hope in the oppressed entities about challenging the great authority of Israel. However, Israel didn’t possess its own hegemony as U.S was all behind Ukraine and Israel. In case of Pakistan, it was the4 China back supporting it and paving it ways for future hegemonization in the whole world. Let’s have a journey to the core of U.S hegemonization and how future will witness anti hegemonism in America and China rising as the new hegemonic power.

After the year 2008, the Olympics in China experienced a great economic boom in its economy and later after 25 trillion dollar “One Belt One Road Initiative” which came with traces of China future economic hegemony. The results of this economic hegemonization can be clearly seen in the spread of China’s exports as they are overwhelming the world now. Evidence to this account can be felt in Xia Jingping”s book, “The 48 Secrets of China”. On the other hand, America is also having much investment and development in the economic sector. As Trump 2.0 has ascended to power, tariffs have increased al around the world. Tariffs on India being increased to 28 percent give an incredible reflection of the hegemonic competitiveness between the great economic powers of the world. Hennery Kissinger in his book World Order articulates that the4 future world order will again be multi-polar as “History always repeats itself as a tragedy”. So, keeping in view the recent development in China both geo-politically and socio-economically, it is the future irony that America being the contemporary superpower will be under China influenced new born world order. Zahid Hussain article published in dawn on 27, August, 2025 stated the same argument as Chinese foreign ministers is having visits to all the countries in South Asia and central Asia in order to have a peace in its surroundings and starts its projects. CPEC is the prototype of China’s future great economic projects.

Analyzing the current situation in the world, it can be predicted that we humans are going to face many fatal throns.Climate change is the foremost among all as the earth quakes in Japan, forest fires in Australia and the devastating floods in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Growing authoritarianism is the second of them and the brutalism being inflicted upon poor Gaza. So, no matter who will rule next, the world is going to be a struggling residence. Democracy has only become a term to be addressed in articles and authoritarianism is the stark reality. The blog, “Authoritarianism in South Asia” is a witness account of the following arguments as it explores breaches of authoritarianism in South Asia.

In conclusion, authoritarianist breaches and the dark realities of hegemonism as it blows crony capitalism are taking the world in wrong direction. A world where peace is only a rosy vision and brotherhood, kindness and loyalty will vanish as people will be self-centered and based on interests. Humanist world will be mystery and class struggle will be common. A Pashtun folk wisdom says that solve the problem before it gets out of your hands. So, hegemonization on account of totalitarianism should be condemned. Our mind should think about the whole humanity. Raising voices, being persistent against oppression and always being united will certainly bring change as civilian disharmony and nonviolent struggle is the biggest weapon for humanity and a stern bone of contention for the exploiters which can be witnessed in The King of Pashtuns (Bacha Khan).